Water jet sand garnet is an abrasive used in water jet cutting technology, making it an ideal cutting material due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Here is a detailed introduction:
1 . Chemical composition: The main component is aluminum (calcium) silicate, with chemical compositions including SiO ₂ about 36.5%, Al ₂ O3 about 20.64%, FeO about 26.92%, etc.
2 . Color and appearance: mostly deep red or brownish red, with brownish red sand like uniform small particles, slightly black impurities, and a small amount of floating dust.
3 . Physical properties:
Hardness: The Mohs hardness is between 7.5-8, second only to diamond and corundum, with high hardness and strong wear resistance.
Density: The density range is 3.5-4.3g/cm ³, and high density gives it strong impact force in waterjet cutting.
Particle shape: The particle shape is mostly angular with sharp edges, which helps to improve cutting force and grinding efficiency. It also has self sharpening properties during use and can continuously form new edges and cutting edges.
Particle size specifications: Common specifications include 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh, 120 mesh, etc. The higher the mesh size, the finer the particles. Different mesh sizes are suitable for cutting materials of different hardness and thickness.
chemical PROPERTIES
Chemical stability: It has good chemical inertness, extremely low solubility in acidic and alkaline environments, acid resistance up to 96%, almost no reaction with chemical substances, and can adapt to corrosive environments.
Low chloride content: The chloride content is extremely low, usually below 50ppm, which helps reduce corrosion to the environment and equipment.
4 .Advantage
High cutting efficiency: The high hardness characteristic makes the cutting speed faster, especially suitable for cutting hard materials such as metal, stone, ceramics, etc.
High precision: The particles are uniform, which can reduce the width of the cutting seam and minimize material loss. The cut surface is smooth and vertical, with high precision.
Good environmental friendliness: There is less dust generated during the cutting process, and it does not contain free silicon or harmful substances, which is harmless to human health and the environment, and meets environmental protection requirements.
5 . Garnet sand will experience wear during the water jet cutting process, and its wear is affected by various factors, as follows:
-Wear mechanism
-Water wedge stretching effect : The impact force of high-pressure water jet will cause garnet sand particles to be subjected to water wedge stretching force, resulting in cracks or even breakage on the surface of the particles, thereby causing wear.
-Friction and Shear Force: Friction and shear forces are generated between garnet sand particles and sand pipes, nozzle walls, and cutting material surfaces. Under this force, the edges and corners of the particles gradually become rounded and the size decreases.
-Impact and Shear between Particles: During the cutting process, garnet sand particles collide, impact, and shear with each other, which can also lead to particle wear and breakage.
6. Factors affecting wear and tear
-Hardness of Cutting Materials: When cutting materials with higher hardness, the friction and impact between garnet sand and the material surface are more intense, resulting in faster wear. For example, the wear rate of garnet sand is higher when cutting hard alloys than when cutting stone.
-The pressure and flow rate of the waterjet: Higher water pressure and flow rate will give garnet sand particles greater kinetic energy, thereby enhancing their impact and cutting ability on the cutting material, but at the same time, it will also accelerate the wear of the particles themselves.
-Particle size of garnet sand: Generally speaking, garnet sand with smaller particle size has a relatively larger surface area and a larger contact area with cutting materials and equipment during the cutting process, which may cause relatively faster wear. However, garnet sand with uniform particle size can provide a more stable cutting effect and reduce local excessive wear caused by uneven particle size.
-Mixing ratio of sand and water: Improper mixing ratio of sand and water, such as excessive sand content, will increase the friction and collision frequency between garnet sand particles and between particles and equipment, thereby accelerating wear.
-Characteristics of wear and tear**
-Self sharpening wear: Garnet sand has self sharpening properties, and during the wear process, its edges will continuously break and grade, forming new edges and cutting edges, thus maintaining a certain cutting ability. This allows garnet sand to be continuously and effectively cut without the need for frequent replacement.
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